1、SpringBoot返回JSON简介
随着web开发前后端分离技术的盛行,json是目前主流的前后端数据交互方式,使用json数据进行交互需要对json数据进行转换解析,需要用到一些json处理器,常用的json处理器有:
- jackson-databind,SpringBoot默认的json处理器
- Gson,是Google的一个开源框架
- fastjson,目前解析速度最快的开源解析框架,由阿里开发
下面分别介绍如何在SpringBoot中整合三大json解析框架。
2、整合jackson-databind
Jackson-databind是SpringBoot默认集成在web依赖中的框架,因此我们只需要引入spring-boot-starter-web
依赖,就可以返回json数据:
接着上篇文章中的demo继续修改demo,先看下代码框架:
下面开始修改demo,返回json数据,首先在pojo下创建一个Good实体类,并且可以通过注解来解决日期格式等需求:
package com.gongsir.springboot02.pojo; import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat; import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore; import java.util.Date; public class Good { private Integer id; private String name; @JsonIgnore private Double price; @JsonFormat(pattern = "yy-MM-dd") private Date dealDate; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Double getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(Double price) { this.price = price; } public Date getDealDate() { return dealDate; } public void setDealDate(Date dealDate) { this.dealDate = dealDate; } }
然后在controller包下创建一个GoodController,在方法上加上@ResponseBody
注解(也可以直接使用@RestController
注解整个类)即可返回json信息:
@Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/good") public class GoodController { @GetMapping(path = "/get") @ResponseBody public Good getGood(){ Good good = new Good(); good.setId(1); good.setName("MacBook Pro 2019"); good.setPrice(16999.99); good.setDealDate(new Date()); return good; } }
此时可以使用浏览器或者postman工具来查看结果,运行项目,调用http://localhost:8080/good/get接口:
3、整合Gson
使用Gson需要将SpringBoot默认依赖的jackson-databind除去,然后引入Gson:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <!--除去jackson-databind依赖--> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!--引入Gson依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> </dependency>
创建一个gson配置:
package com.gongsir.springboot02.configuration; import com.google.gson.Gson; import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.converter.json.GsonHttpMessageConverter; import java.lang.reflect.Modifier; @Configuration public class GsonConfig { @Bean GsonHttpMessageConverter gsonHttpMessageConverter(){ GsonHttpMessageConverter gsonHttpMessageConverter = new GsonHttpMessageConverter(); GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder(); //设置解析的日期格式 builder.setDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); //设置忽略字段,忽略修饰符为protected的字段属性 builder.excludeFieldsWithModifiers(Modifier.PROTECTED); Gson gson = builder.create(); gsonHttpMessageConverter.setGson(gson); return gsonHttpMessageConverter; } }
修改Good,java:
package com.gongsir.springboot02.pojo; import java.util.Date; public class Good { protected Integer id; private String name; private Double price; private Date dealDate; public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Double getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(Double price) { this.price = price; } public Date getDealDate() { return dealDate; } public void setDealDate(Date dealDate) { this.dealDate = dealDate; } }
启动项目,再次访问http://localhost:8080/good/get接口:
4、整合fastjson
引入fastjson依赖,修改刚刚的pom.xml
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <!--除去jackson-databind依赖--> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <!--引入fastjson依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.47</version> </dependency>
配置fastjson有两种方法,方法一:自定义MyFastjsonConfig,提供FastJsonHttpMessageConverter Bean:
package com.gongsir.springboot02.configuration; import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializerFeature; import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.config.FastJsonConfig; import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; @Configuration public class MyFastjsonConfig { @Bean FastJsonHttpMessageConverter fastJsonHttpMessageConverter(){ FastJsonHttpMessageConverter converter = new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter(); FastJsonConfig config = new FastJsonConfig(); //升级之后的fastjson(1.2.28之后的版本)需要手动配置MediaType,否则会报错 List<MediaType> supportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<>(); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_ATOM_XML); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_PDF); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_RSS_XML); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_XHTML_XML); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.IMAGE_GIF); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.IMAGE_JPEG); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.IMAGE_PNG); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.TEXT_HTML); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.TEXT_MARKDOWN); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.TEXT_XML); converter.setSupportedMediaTypes(supportedMediaTypes); config.setDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); config.setCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8")); config.setSerializerFeatures( //json格式化 SerializerFeature.PrettyFormat, //输出value为null的数据 SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue ); converter.setFastJsonConfig(config); return converter; } }
方法二:实现WebMvcConfigurer接口,重写configureMessageConverters方法:
package com.gongsir.springboot02.configuration; import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializerFeature; import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; @Configuration public class FastJsonConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) { FastJsonHttpMessageConverter converter = new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter(); com.alibaba.fastjson.support.config.FastJsonConfig config = new com.alibaba.fastjson.support.config.FastJsonConfig(); //升级之后的fastjson(1.2.28之后的版本)需要手动配置MediaType,否则会报错 List<MediaType> supportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<>(); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_ATOM_XML); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_PDF); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_RSS_XML); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_XHTML_XML); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.IMAGE_GIF); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.IMAGE_JPEG); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.IMAGE_PNG); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.TEXT_HTML); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.TEXT_MARKDOWN); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN); supportedMediaTypes.add(MediaType.TEXT_XML); converter.setSupportedMediaTypes(supportedMediaTypes); config.setDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); config.setCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8")); config.setSerializerFeatures( //json格式化 SerializerFeature.PrettyFormat, //输出value为null的数据 SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue ); converter.setFastJsonConfig(config); //将converter加入到converters converters.add(converter); } }
启动项目,再次调用接口: